Two
package formats are in common use. Red Hat, Fedora, SUSE, and several
others distributions use RPM (Redhat Package Manager). Debian and
Ubuntu use a seperate .deb format. The two format are functionally
similar. It's easy to convert between the two package formats with a
tool such as alien.
Both RPM and .deb package systems now function as dual layer. On the lowest level are the tools that install, unistall, query packages, rpm for RPM and dpkg for .deb. On the top layer these system know how to find packages on the internet, analyze inter package dependencies and upgrade all the packages on a system. In RPM system 'yum' is the main contender and debian's APT (Advance Package Tool), but APT now works equally well with both .deb and RPM packages.
Low Level Package Management System
Both RPM and .deb package systems now function as dual layer. On the lowest level are the tools that install, unistall, query packages, rpm for RPM and dpkg for .deb. On the top layer these system know how to find packages on the internet, analyze inter package dependencies and upgrade all the packages on a system. In RPM system 'yum' is the main contender and debian's APT (Advance Package Tool), but APT now works equally well with both .deb and RPM packages.
Low Level Package Management System
Debian
packages have dpkg command, we can install/remove that .deb using
dpkg.
#dpkg
-i {package full name.deb} To install package.
#dpkg
-r {package name} To remove package.
#dpkg
-l {package name} To verify that the installation worked.
High
Level Package Management System
Meta
package management system has several goals.
- To simplify the locating and downloading of packages.
- To automate the process of updating or upgrading systems.
- To facilitate the management of inter package dependencies.
The
default configuartion for the package management system usually
points to one or more well known web or FTP servers that are under
the distribuor's control. APT is one of the most mature package
management systems. It's possible to upgrade an entire system full of
software with a single apt-get command.
Configuring apt-get is by editing the configuration file /etc/apt/sources.list, which tells apt-get where to get its packages. Default configuration generally looks like;
Configuring apt-get is by editing the configuration file /etc/apt/sources.list, which tells apt-get where to get its packages. Default configuration generally looks like;
#nano
/etc/apt/sources.list
#
#deb cdrom:[Debian
GNU/Linux 7.1.0 _Wheezy_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1
20130504-15:20]/ wheezy contrib main
deb
http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib
deb-src
http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib
# wheezy-updates,
previously known as 'volatile'
# A network mirror was
not selected during install. The following entries
# are provided as
examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of
choice.
#
deb
http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib
#deb-src
http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-updates main contrib
|
If user want to download source-code, uncomment line specify deb-src. Add any new source in the above file and CTRL + O, CTRL + X. Now run the apt command and install the upgrade packages for that;
#apt-get update To refresh the apt—get's cache of package information.
#apt-get install {package name} To install the package.
Or
#apt-get
upgrade To install the full
downloaded packages.
The upgradation can done by only root user or a normal user need to give root password.
Setting
up an Internal APT Server discuss in later server session.
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